Papilloma - Benign tumor formation of the skin and mucous membranes of viral etiology.It has the appearance of a papilla on a narrow base (leg), a soft or dense consistency, from light to dark brown color.The location of the papillomas on the skin leads to the formation of a cosmetic defect, in the breathing of larynx, the voice, the mucous voice of the internal organs - ulcerations and bleeding.Recallants of the disease are possible, the most formidable complication is malignant degeneration.The removal of Papill can be carried out by electrocoagulation, corometro, surgical excision, radio wave method or laser exposure.
General information
Papillomes - This is a disease that affects epithelial cells and skin.The cause of the papillomas is the human papillomavirus, which belongs to the Papoviridae family, the Papillomavirus group.Among the HPV, viruses are distinguished with high and low oncogenic risk.Papillomi oncogenicity is explained by the virus ability to integrate its DNA into the genome of human cells.
The mechanism of infection with the human papilloma virus
Once in the human body, in the initial phase, the HPV affects the basal cells of the epithelium.Microtrauma, rubbing, cracks and other damage to the skin contribute to the penetration of the papilloma virus in the body.For a long time, the virus can multiply mainly, not clinically manifesting (chronic transport).If the virus spreads in the surface layers of the skin, then over time, even with the chronic transport of the papilloma virus, cell hyperplasia is observed.
Since the human papilloma virus is nestified in the external environment, the infection occurs with direct contacts.Applied sexual bonds lead to infection;Smoking, pregnancy, endometriosis, vitamin deficiency, immunodeficiencies are predisposing factors so that the infection occurs during interaction with the virus.The risk of infection increases with frequent contacts with naked human skin, for example, with massage.
Clinical manifestations of Papillomi
The papilloma is a neoplasm of the skin or mucous membranes and seems a papillary growth that protrudes over the surrounding tissue.Papillomes are located on the skin, mucous membranes, in the inguinal region and on the genitals, in some cases, the papillomas are located in the renal basin and on the mucous membrane of the ureters.
Since the papilloma consists of a connective tissue covered with skin and contains blood vessels, during the trauma it is possible to bleed.The neoplasm grows upwards in the form of scattered papillae in various directions and looks like cauliflower.
The skin of the skin may not change, but in most cases the papillomas have color with dirty brown white.Favorite localization: the skin of brushes and hands.In patients with immunodeficiencies, papillomatosis is widespread.Primary changes in the skin begin to appear 1-6 months after the infection.The concentration of the virus in the affected areas reaches the maximum within the sixth month from the moment of infection, it is this period which is the most contagious.
Depending on the type of viruses, the clinical manifestations of the papillomas are variable.Hence, vulgar papillomas seem in the form of a solid dosso with a diameter of 1 mm with a rough keratinization surface.Vulgar papillomes are prone to merger and therefore often influence significant skin areas.Simple (vulgar) papillomes are located everywhere, but more often they are affected by the skin of the fingers and on the back of the palms.In children, in particular young people are affected by the papillomas, this is due to the physiological characteristics, since children crawl without clothes.Generally, vulgar papillomas are found in groups, but for several years prolonged existence of a single element is possible.The conditions of immunodeficiency and general diseases contribute to the spread of the process, in isolated cases, the vulgar papilloma is evil.
The causal agents of the Papillomes are Papc 1.2.4.A few months after the infection on the skin of the sole, a small shiver appears, which has all the signs of the ordinary papilloma and is surrounded by a protruding edge.In some cases, small branches appear around a bow tie, which externally resemble bubbles.Then mosaic papillomatosis is diagnosed.
The papillomas on the soles are often painful, especially when walking.In about 30% of cases, they are cars -disolve, the more often the car is observed in small children.They are often confused with seeds that appear between the fingers with prolonged compression.However, the seeds, unlike the papillomas, have a smooth surface and maintain the reason for the skin.
The causal agents of the dishes are HPV 3.10.These papillomas of the color of the unchanged skin and look in the form of smooth dishes cones, sometimes there may be a yellowish or slightly pink shade more often rounded.Papillomi Moliplant are also found.Neoplasms cause pain, itching, the affected area is hyperemic.
The cinematographic papillomas are diagnosed in half of those who have delivered more than 50 years on neoplasms on the skin, are also called acrochords.They are located on the skin around the eyes, the groin, in the axillary cavities and on the neck.First of all, a small yellowish shade appears, which further increases and gradually converts into dense elastic formations of elongated size up to 5-6 mm.If the acrochords are located in places where the trauma is possible, then they inflame and hurt.The cinematographic papillomas are not prone to spontaneous disappearance.In patients with diagnosed threaded papillomas, the polyps of the rectum are often observed.
The HPV 13, 32 cause local epithelial hyperplasia, which is characterized by the appearance on the mucous membrane of the mouth and on the red edge of the lips of small papillary neoplasms, which rise slightly above the skin and are subject to merger.
One of the papillomas rarely found are the Papillomes of Lewandovsky-Lutz (Warty Epidmodisphelia).Mostly children and teenagers are sick.Sometimes the epidermodisplasia of wart is a family character.Clinically looks like red brown papillomas more red on hands and feet.If the papillomas are found in skin areas, which are more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, then in 30% of cases they are evil and reborn in malignant tumors with germination in nearby tissues.
The HPV, which are the pathogens of pointed condominiums, can be with a low, medium and high risk of oncological degeneration, therefore, when diagnosing the sharp tip pastries, the PCR exam must always be performed.The incubation period ranges from several weeks to several months.Since in some cases the changes are minimal, these papillomas remain unnoticed.The main transmission path is sexual.The risk group includes people with immunodeficiency and often sexual changes.Externally, pink or pale gray gray or gray gray on the leg seem.
In most cases, there are pain, burning, itching, irritation when it is touching and friction with underwear, often wounded and bleed.They are located on the eve of the vagina, on small lips, less often, spicy conditions are located in the vagina and cervix.In men, the hole of the urethra is influenced.The area of damage depends on sexual behavior in this way, in people who practice anal contacts, pointed conditions are found in the perineum and in the perianal area.In some cases, pointed conditions are diagnosed on the oral mucosa and on the red edge of the lips, which is again associated with the characteristics of sexual activity.
The youth papillomas of larynx rarely record, are caused by HPV 6.11;For the most part, children under five are sick.The infection occurs during childbirth, when the woman in labor has papillomas in the vagina and the baby while passing along the birth channel, makes a premature breath.The disease is characterized by papillary growths on vocal bundles, which leads to the difficulty of air circulation and language disorders.
Diagnosis of papillomas
Papillomi's diagnosis is carried out by a dermatologist or venereologist.Due to the large number of types of viruses, it has its own characteristics.It is possible to make an accurate diagnosis based on a visual inspection only in the classic case of pointed warts, but this does not provide accurate information on the type of viruses and on its oncogenicity.Therefore, in case of suspicion of the papillomatic nature of neoplasms, they resort to the diagnostics of the virus DNA PCR.
PCR diagnostics allows not only to confirm the presence of the human papillomavirus in the body and determine its type, but also to diagnose how many viruses are in the body at the time of analysis.This has a diagnostic value, since, knowing the percentage of virus content and its type, it is possible to determine the approximate periods of infection and identify contact people in order to examine and prescribe preventive therapy.PCR diagnostics also provides information on the fact that papillomas have a chronic course or are a consequence of a simultaneous reduction of immunity.Thanks to such data, it is possible to prescribe adequate therapy.
If the only method of treatment is the removal of papillomas, then in parallel with surgery, a biopsy for cytological research is carried out.An histological examination of the papillomas tissue provides more accurate results, since the exam is subject to cells as cells, therefore the correct position of their layers and the structural characteristics of the tissue.This provides reliable results on the degree of changes in the body and on the probability of malignancy, since long -term and non -legal papillomas are leading more often to cancer than the HPV detected with a high degree of oncoris.
As a rule, the diagnostic of the PCR is screening in nature and, if the analysis confirms the presence of the virus, an additional study is conducted.
Papilloma treatment
The Papillomi treatment regime in each case is selected individually.If an HPV is detected during the diagnosis, but there are still no clinical manifestations, preventive therapy is prescribed by cytostatic.It is quite effective and allows you to "spread" the virus for several years.Patients who are carriers of HPV is recommended to periodically conduct the PCR examination and use barrier contraception means, in order to not dangerous dangerous danger from human papillomavis with their partner.
Inozin Pranobex is a drug for the treatment of papillomas from the group of antiviral agents, which suppresses the reproduction of viruses.It is one of the most favorite, as it has immunomodulant properties.The indications for use are diagnosed with papillomas with a combination of other viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus infections, measles and parotiles.The presence of a herpes virus, chronic viral hepatitis and immunodeficiency also requires the inclusion of isoprinosine in the treatment regime.Since the papilloma therapy is long, the Papillo Pranobex must be taken only under the supervision of a doctor, since it is necessary to check the laboratory indicators.The use of immunomodulators and vitamin courses is shown to all patients with HPV.
If there are manifestations of HPV on the skin and mucous membranes, therefore, depending on the location and symptoms, they resort to the cryodestrection of papillomas, electrocoagulation or removal of the Papill laser.Another modern surgical treatment method can be used -read papillomas with radio waves.If the papilloma has signs of malignancy, excision is carried out with a scalpel of the area concerned with the capture of healthy fabrics.
It should be borne in mind that the removal of the papillomas does not lead to a complete recovery, since today there are no detailed drugs on the HPV.Therefore, patients with previously diagnosed papillomas should periodically examine and conduct antiviral therapy courses.
Since the HPV is mainly transmitted sexually, the only prevention of papillomas is the method of barrier contraception.When planning pregnancy, it is necessary to diagnose and, if necessary, then the treatment of the virus in order to reduce the probability of infection of the child during childbirth and in the early years of life.