Detailed characteristics of the human papilloma virus

At the beginning of the last century, the human papilloma virus was mentioned as the reason for the apparition of warts.But later it was discovered that it could cause the development of genital cancer in the representatives of sex and carcinomas of the throat and rectum.Depending on the range of clinical events, the doctors managed to distinguish various types of HPV and combine them in a certain system.

Everything you need to know about the human papilloma virus

A growing number of people is wondering: HPV infection - What is it?This abbreviation indicates a group of viruses that are common and heterogeneous in the structure, capable of influencing the skin and mucous membranes.The infection of this substance occurs from a long period.Therefore, the warts are known by the Greeks and the Romans and on the condition of the anogenital region even earlier.The PCR has even been able to distinguish the type 18 HPV DNA of the type of mummy of Maria Aragon (16th century).And only at the beginning of the 21st century did he have the opportunity to influence the spread of a pathogen.

Classification principles

There are several opinions on the number of types of HPV.It has been officially established that the group includes more than 170 strains.They constitute 5 genres and about 130 agents are described in detail and studied.But scientists already know almost 600 types found in humans.

For the first time, the HPV, since a single species has been recorded in 1971. To date, the knowledge of him has been very enriched, which has served as a impulse for the creation of a classification, reflecting not only the species, but also the genre to which the strain belongs.In practice, this is of great importance, as it helps to determine the clinical manifestations and the shape of the course of the infection.

The types of viruses are identified according to the following criteria:

• transmission method;
• objectives (skin or mucous membranes);
• diseases that develop due to the infection;
• degree of oncogenicity.

The classification by degree of carcinogenicity is necessary to prevent the consequences associated with the development of cancer.

Types of HPV:

• low risk of risks 6, 12, 14, 42-44;
• Medium risk - types 31, 35, 51;
• High Risk - 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59.

This classification allows you to clearly evaluate the degree of risk and develop an adequate treatment strategy.

The most dangerous strains

It has been shown that the HPV is able to cause the growth of the dermis and lead to the formation of benign formations on the face, the neck, the back, the stomach, each of which looks like a wart, papilloma, dysplasia vehicles.But the high pathogen -not -not -conogen in the vast majority of cases causes the development of oncology both in men and women.The virus is mainly sexually transmitted and barrier contraceptives are unable to provide 100% protection against its penetration.

The following strains are considered the most dangerous:

• Conditioned (the appearance of pointed growths) - 6, 42.
• Small flat formations formed on the walls of the vagina and the cervical canal - 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 67.
• The cervical carcinoma of the uterus is 31, 35, 39, 54, 66. The most dangerous are the HPV of the 16th and 18th type.

It is important to know!Even after identifying the type of viruses, you should not panic, since the more harmful strains can be in a "sleeping" state for a long time.Therefore, from the infection to the formation of cervical cancer, decades can pass for decades.

The penetration of the virus in the body

Papillomavirus is considered extremely contagious and each type can be transmitted with a certain method.

The main options to penetrate the pathogen in the body of the "victim" are as follows:

1. In sexual contact with the virus carrier.The most common way of infection.The danger is both a traditional version and other relationships.Since the pathogen size is much smaller than the diameter of the condom pore, the contraceptive cannot provide 100%protection.
2. A type of vertical infection involves the transfer of the virus to the mother to the child in the work process.A non -commercial agent is able to cause the appearance of a newborn laryngeal bow tie in a newborn, that is, the formation of growths on the mucous membranes and the mouth and less often the genitals.
3. The contact-household method also is considered common to transmit the infection.Some strains differ in survival, therefore they can maintain their activity in a humid environment.When visiting saunas, swimming pools, bathrooms, with joint use of personal hygiene objects, the risk of infection is growing, especially if there are unconscious microwaves on the skin.
4. Self -information or car -extension can occur with an accidental transfer of a living virus cell from a damaged area to healthy parts of the skin during shaving, removal of hair and simply non -compliance with hygienic rules.

It is important to know!The causal agent at high carcinogenic risk is mainly transmitted sexually and barrier contraceptives do not guarantee complete protection against the infection.This is due not only to the small size of the virus, but also to its location on the surface of the dermis, not covered by a condom.

The reasons for the progression of the papillomatosis

Regardless of the degree of oncogenicity, the HPV is insidious, that is, it is able to live in the human body, without showing itself in any way.Depending on the state of the immune system, the incubation period can last from 2-3 weeks to several tens of years.Therefore, people who have no external signs do not even suspect a contagious agent in their body.

Even the rapid propagation does not start immediately, but only in favorable conditions, i.e. the weakening of the protection mechanism, which occurs against the background of the following factors:

• stress, overload;
• poor and monotonous nutrition;
• hormonal violations;
• bad habits - smoking tobacco and alcohol abuse;
• Frequent abortions, complications after childbirth;
• Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the parental parent system;
• Ippp, including AIDS, HIV, Herpes;
• chronic diseases in the exacerbation phase;
• The period of pregnancy.

The risk group is mainly the right sex.The probability of infection increases in people of reproductive age of 20-45 years, leading active sex life.

Symptoms in different stages

Papillomavirus infection can be pronounced or loss in latent or subclinical form.The symptomatic manifestations of the disease are variable, due to the type of HPV, its danger.The hidden course of the disease is characterized by the absence of signs.

External signs:

• Papillomes;
• flat and vulgar warts;
• Sharp condition.

Forms that are not visible during the external inspection:

• discussed;
• coilocytosis;
• dysplasia of epithelium.

The relapses against the background of the papillomavirus appear in the form of these pathologies:

• Discovered with slight epithelial changes;
• Actually dysplasia;
• Cancer cancer;
• Flat cell carcinoma.

It is important to know!In the case of damage from viruses to non -infugory nature, the formation of warts is possible, located on the palms, the soles of the legs.In the absence of cosmetic discomfort, there are no indications for removal.

In a woman, a fever, chills, itching, an increase in temperature and vaginal unloading develops during an exacerbation.

More information on the consequences

The type and severity of HPV infection are determined by the pathogen activity and its type.With the high oncogenic risk genotype, prolonged replication helps to increase the number of cellular structures with the mutation of the genome.

Against the background of bacterial vaginosis, the transformation of cervical epithelium, as well as a series of other pathological processes that occur in the body, the risk of a precancerous phase or the development of a malignant tumor increases.

The latter include the following states.

1. Cervical cancer.The second disease after the mammary gland cancer in women.More than 70% of all cases is caused by the type 16 and 18 activity of HPV.
2. Vagina and vulva carcinoma.In the structure of the oncopathologies of the anogenital region, it occupies a leading place.Each tenth case is caused by a low -content strain of 6 or 11 and a third of all diseases is caused by virus 16 and 18.
3. Anal cancer.It is mainly detected in women, but also recorded in homosexual men who practice the method of unconventional relationships, although doctors do not exclude another way of transmitting the infection.The cause of oncopathology is the activity of HPV 18 and 16.

Of course, this is not a phrase, but in relation to these data, the need for careful gynecological diagnostics and cancer is increasing.A complete examination allows the early stages to identify structural changes in cells and tissues, which with human papillomavirus help to determine how to treat it correctly.

Diagnostic procedures

As already mentioned, diagnostic measures play an important role in damage to HPV infection.

The modern exam is carried out with special treatments and includes different procedures:

1. Primary consultation includes visual inspection in order to identify external signs (warts, papillomas).If the growths are found in the urogenital region, the doctor directs the patient for further examination of the cervix or urethroscopy.
2. Pope test or cytological examination with a strip according to the Papanicolau method.According to the results divided into classes, the doctor determines the risks of the infectious process.So the 1st and 2nd degree indicate the normal state of the tissues, 3 - the beginning of pathological changes, the 4th and 5th grade characterizes the presence of oncogenic cells.
3. Calpopy.It is performed in the case of dysplastic changes in the fabrics of the cervix.The test using acetic acid is prescribed to clarify the activity of the papilloma virus.A positive result is manifested in the form of a mosaic model on the surface of the epithelium.
4. Histology.The study of the sample of the tissue concerned is performed if it is necessary to study cells and pathological changes that occur in them.During the procedure, it is possible to identify particularly large epithelial structures.
5. PCR.The most common and highly informative test.Using the polymerase chain reaction, it is possible to perform the typing, determine the degree of oncogenicity, the maximum concentration in the blood.
6. Digen Test. The modern innovative research method allows you to clarify the existing results and determine the probability of the formation of oncological education.

In relation to men, the same diagnostic tactics are performed.After a visual inspection, it goes to the tests.Only according to the results of the examination, the specialist is able to evaluate the complexity of the clinical case and prescribe adequate treatment.

Approaches to treatment

Today, there are no drugs that can completely and forever destroy viral infection in the body.If you have not verified cars -questation, the most promising is the complete combined approach.The treatment of HPCH provides for the surgical removal of papillomas or warts against the background of systemic therapy with medicines, homeopathy means, popular method.There are several options for the destruction of the growths.

Surgical radio.With a special knife, the formation is removed, after which coagulation is produced and a bandage is applied.

Laser.A way without blood and painless.In the place of removal, a crust remains according to which the healing process proceeds.The disadvantage is the appearance of scars.

Electrocoagulation.The procedure is largely similar to the previous two in terms of effectiveness, effective cost and exposure.

Cryodestrection.Elaboration of the subsidiaries of any type of liquid nitrogen.After freezing, they are rejected by the skin.Available price, lack of blood, scars make this method the most attractive.

Surgical excision.It is performed extremely rarely, only according to the indications in case of suspicion of the probability of developing oncology.The growth are removed with the help of a scalpel.

The systemic treatment of the papillomavirus allows us to strengthen immunity, reduce the concentration of the agent DNA in the blood and prevent the development of evil processes.

To this end, appoints pills:

• immunomodulators;
• antiviral agents;
• cytostatic.

The duration of the course treatment is 10-14 days.If there is a permanent sex partner, it is necessary to convince him to undergo an exam and start therapy.Also, you shouldn't get rid of the growth alone.

Preventive measures

Since human papillomavirus is easily widespread among people of all ages, there is no guaranteed way to protect it from penetration.According to patient reviews, vaccination is a reliable option to prevent infection.

Modern medicine as prevention offers special serums.The drugs are produced in the form of a suspension, in disposable syringes, which facilitates the introduction of the vaccine and minimizes the risks of infection.9-14-year-old girls and boys, as well as young women under the age of 26, are subject to immunization.The serums are well tolerated by the body.

Vaccination is carried out for preventive purposes and cannot act as a drug.

To minimize the risk of infection, it is necessary to adhere to simple recommendations.

• Carefully monitor personal hygiene;
• Get rid of bad habits;
• strengthen immunity, play sports;
• Practice only safe sex, avoid random ties;
• Approach carefully to the choice of the sexual partner;
• Under a screening by a gynecologist, a venereologist.

A serious attitude towards your health will help to avoid the infection and, in the case of the penetration of the virus, to reduce the probability of its diffusion.

Conclusion

The HPV is the most common option of infection from which no person can protect themselves.To prevent the activation of the virus, it is necessary to observe the prevention measures and reduce the risk of oncology to undergo exams planned in time and consult the specialists.